2010-08-02

秦始皇Qin Shi Huang

最近看到小拿破侖的報導及有關來屆砂州選舉的民意調查,忽然想念起秦始皇......
2008年,在下與昌明婦等到西安參觀秦皇陸時特別在這位中國No 1皇帝前拍的照......政治怎么說呢!?
The photo taken during March 2008, before the statue of Qin Shi Huang - hardly related to the political environment in Sarawak.
The emperor with centralization of the power did a lot for his people......but so many lives paid for his great work!









秦始皇的功過,直今仍有爭議,他的正面評價除了統一中國,還提了許多統一工作:
如:

書同文
統一和簡化文字,是一次大的文字改革。
度同制
規定貨幣,統一為圓形方空,以半兩為單位。同時,以原秦國的度、量、衡為單位標准,淘汰與此不合的制度。
在田制上,秦王朝規定6尺(合今230釐米)為步,240步為一畝。這一畝制以後沿用千年而不變。
車同軌
定車寬以六尺為制,一車可通行全國。
行同倫
“行同倫”就是端正風俗,建立起統一的倫理道德和行為規範。
築長城
秦滅六國之後,即開始修建長城,說是為了保護北部邊境人民的生命財產的安全。其實,他只是把原來秦國、趙國和燕國北邊原有的長城連接起來。
連全國
從公元前222年開始,秦始皇開始大幅修築以國都鹹陽為中心,向四面八方延伸出去的馳道,類似現代的高速公路。馳道並實行“車同軌”,均寬五十步。不只使交通方便,也利便北方戰爭前線的補給,更方便始皇出巡時能暢通無阻。
此外,秦始皇,為方便運送征討嶺南所需的軍隊和物資,於是命史祿開鑿河渠以溝通長江水系的湘江和珠江水系的漓江。運河在最終在始皇二十年(前219年)至二十三年(前215年)修成。它自貫通後,二千多年來就一直是嶺南與中原地區之間的水路交通要道。
焚書坑儒
秦始皇為了統一原六國人民的思想,於公元前213年開始銷毀除《秦記》以外的所有史書,民間只允許留下關於醫藥、蔔筮和種植的書。盡管如此,他確曾下令將一些禁書收藏在咸陽皇家圖書館。
公元前212年,秦始皇因兩個方士私自逃跑且誹謗皇帝,在當時秦首都鹹陽將460餘名方士坑殺,“坑儒”,正規說法應為“坑術士”。
  Some Important works of Qin Shi Huang

Qin Shi Huang standardized the Chinese units of measurements such as weights and measures, the currency, the length of the axles of carts to facilitate transport on the road system.The emperor also developed an extensive network of roads and canals connecting the provinces to improve trade between them.[28] The currency of the different states were also standardized to the Ban liang coin (半兩).Perhaps most importantly, the Chinese script was unified. This newly standardized script was then made official throughout all the conquered regions, One script One language One China!  


  秦始皇即位後,就在全國各地興建了許多宮殿,在滅六國時,就把所有各國的美女都擄掠來放在所建造的宮殿之中。據說後宮列女萬余人,秦始皇死後,這些宮女絕大部分都被迫殉葬。
  驪山墓從秦王登基起即開始修建,前後歷時30餘年,每年用工70餘萬人修建。現在留存的墓從外圍看周長2000米,高達55米。內部裝修極其奢華,以銅鑄頂,以水銀為河流湖海,並且滿布機關。僅看秦始皇陵的兵馬俑,就可看出當年修建這座陵墓的百姓負擔之重。並且,建造陵墓的工匠在陵墓造成之後全部被活埋。
  為求長生不老之藥,又派方士徐巿(即徐福)率童男女數千人至東海求神仙等等。


到西安一定要到兵馬俑,
  秦始皇即位(時年13歲)後便開始興建自己的陵墓(公元前246年或前247年)。修建過程經其一生,歷時39年。秦始皇陵墓總面積達到50平方公里,包括現在的秦兵馬俑和秦始皇陵。
  兵馬俑採用陶俑作為陪葬品,因而得名。陶俑有真人大小,由工匠加工燒制,全部為手工勞動,沒有使用模具。所以我們現在看到的陶俑容貌各異,體態各不相同。所有陶俑的製作均按照秦軍編製,包括各級軍官、各兵種、戰車、馬匹等。
  不過,看來兵馬俑見光後這么多年,其顏色已經逐漸褪色了!


The emperor ordered the construction of an immense defensive wall--the current Great Wall of China. It connected numerous state walls which had been built during the previous four centuries.
The Terracotta Army (兵馬俑 "soldier and horse funerary statues") is the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China. The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Qín Shǐhuáng Ling). The figures vary in height (183–195 cm - 6 ft–6 ft 5in), according to their roles, with the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits.[1]

2 条评论:

Bean 说...

喔。。。
真是让我增广见闻。。。
原来秦始王还有这么多不为我知的典故!
真是好帖!

Ah Meng [老猴深算] 说...

礼兄真是神通广大,能拍出如此精美[兵马俑]相片.在下先前也在此地进行拍摄,相机差点被没收.真是此一时不比那一时呵!